Ranbaxy Laboratories

| Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd. | â€Å"Personally, I feel that organizations who continually enhance to give better items and administrations and who can offer better offers than the customer are the ones prone to deserve more admiration all inclusive than others† Malvinder Mohan Singh, previous CEO and MD, Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd Table of Contents Executive Summary5 The Company5 Hybrid Business Model6 Porter’s Five Force Analysis7 Bargaining Power of Buyers8 Bargaining Power of Suppliers9 Threat of New Entrants10 Threat of Substitutes11 Threat of Rivalry12 Value chain analysis13Inbound logistics13 Operations13 Outbound logistics13 Sales and marketing13 Service14 Procurement14 Technological Development14 Human Resource Management14 Firm Infrastructure14 VRIO Analysis16 Internal Analysis-A Resource Based View16 Factors Leading to Growth18 Strategy18 Business-level Strategy18 Focus on Differentiated Products18 Corporate-level Strategy20 R&D in Ranbaxy20 NDDR †A dif ferent Entity Decentralization20 First Mover Advantage20 Information Security and Information Synergy21 Acquisitions21 Agreements and Collaboration22 Recommendations22Medium term Strategy (5-7 years)23 Long term Strategy (10-15 years)25 References26 Exhibit27 I. Market Share27 II. Market Structure and Herfindahl-Hirshman index27 IV. Market Forecast31 V. Contender Analysis31 VI. Ranbaxy Financials32 VII. Pharmaceutical Industry Future33 VIII. Preservation of vitality and its impact37 Executive Summary Product patent system actualized in India from Jan 2005 constrained Indian pharma organizations to relook in to their showcasing methodologies to become serious and firmly withstand in the opposition with MNC’s and huge goliaths in residential markets.Product patent system presented Indian pharmaceutical organizations to change their procedures. On the off chance that the Indian organizations needed to withstand in rivalry and endure, they need to put more in the R&D for adva ncement of New Chemical Entities (NCE’s). Prior to patent system, with the assistance of figuring out and process patent organizations were getting a charge out of replicating MNC’s atoms and presenting their own brands and putting less in NCE’s. The fast development of the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry was supported by the non-acknowledgment of item licenses for drugs under the Indian Patent Act, 1970.However, the case switched with the coming of consenting to of the TRIPs arrangement. This change guaranteed that organizations ought to reorient themselves for R&D-based development to endure. This would empower them to contend in managed and open market. Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd. embraced a â€Å"High-Risk-High-Returns† methodology to react to the difficult business condition achieved by the presentation of the new patent system. In any case, the money related wellbeing of the firm was influenced seriously by the expanding consumptions on dangerous R &D and patent difficulties with lacking returns.High cost acquisitions in outside business sectors and setting own assembling and selling offices abroad so as to build its land nearness added further to the issue. In the end, Ranbaxy needed to reclassify its plan of action. In 2008, a vital mix of a pioneer and nonexclusive powerhouse was gotten by Ranbaxy by selling its 63. 92% offers to Daiichi Sankyo Company Ltd. The investigation uncovers how Ranbaxy embraced another methodology each time the organization faced another test in the changing situation of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry.From spearheading the specialty of figuring out and turning into a financially savvy firm all inclusive, the firm proceeded to turn into the main Indian Pharmaceutical firm to dispatch the principal unique medication created by an Indian substance, Synriam, and procuring benefits by method of para IV filings for the star-tranquilize Lipitor. Ranbaxy made an exit plan through its systems to guaran tee its top situation in the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry and universally. The Company Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited is one of the India's biggest pharmaceutical organizations. It is a coordinated, research based, universal pharmaceutical company.It produces a wide scope of value, reasonable nonexclusive prescriptions, that are trusted by medicinal services experts and patients across topographies. Ranbaxy is positioned eighth among the worldwide conventional pharmaceutical organizations, and has a nearness in 23 of the best 25 pharmaceutical markets of the world. The worldwide nearness of the firm includes 49 nations, and it has world-class fabricating offices in 11 nations to serve clients in more than 125 nations. Ranbaxy went into a union in June 2008 with Daiichi Sankyo Company Ltd. The joined substance currently positions among the best 15 harmaceutical organizations, all inclusive. The vital arrangement will put Ranbaxy in a higher development direction and it will rise more grounded as far as its worldwide reach and in its capacities in medicate advancement and assembling. A definite arrangement of company’s budgetary situating and market structure is given in the displays. (Show I, II and VI) Hybrid Business Model Ranbaxy is working intimately with Daiichi Sankyo to remove cooperative energies in different geologies. Ranbaxy markets Daiichi Sankyo’s marks in nations, for example, Romania and Malaysia.Additional assets and capacities are additionally being coordinated towards this area. These capacities will bring about improved business execution in different markets additionally, similar to Africa, Middle East and Asia. Marked business is the center factor that separates Ranbaxy from most other Indian nonexclusive organizations. Ranbaxy has its own groups in excess of 40 nations, while numerous Indian organizations choose for sell their items through wholesalers. The ‘Global Hybrid Business’ group took a few activities dur ing the year to use cooperative energies among Ranbaxy and Daiichi Sankyo, exclusively and collectively.Their coordinated effort is developing with time and the collaborations presently stretch out past promoting and spread a critical piece of the pharmaceutical worth chain. An assembling and flexibly system was set up among Ranbaxy and Daiichi Sankyo Espha Co. Ltd. during the year and they are cooperating to create items for the Japanese market. Porter’s Five Force Analysis The investigation is done from the point of view of a normal occupant player in the business. In general engaging quality of industry is moderate at 3. 1 focuses. The key purchasers are emergency clinics and pharmacies.The key providers are dynamic pharmaceutical fixings and clinical preliminary administrations suppliers. The pharmaceutical market observers genuinely solid purchaser power. Oligopsony status reinforces purchaser power. The value control strategies of state and private division foundations likewise add to purchasing power, as they are a definitive buyers of medications. The matter of pharmaceutical organizations relies crucially upon acquiring top notch hardware, materials, work force, and outsider clinical testing administrations. The controllers must be fulfilled that the results of new participants are sheltered and effective.Pharmaceutical industry additionally encounters substitutes as far as non-sedate treatments and like. What's more, less expensive nonexclusive duplicates are subbing research based medications as they are not, at this point ensured by licenses. Haggling Power of Buyers Pharmaceutical makers offer to medicate wholesalers. These then sell on to drug stores, or to medicinal services organizations as emergency clinics. Most pharmaceutical items require solution aside from OTC and comparable medications. Promoting of physician recommended drugs is in this way vigorously coordinated at clinical practitioners.Medical condition may involve a few disti nctive medication medicines prompting item separation and debilitating purchaser power. Separation incorporates adequacy, reactions, usability and cost-viability. The opposite happens when nonexclusive duplicates are accessible. The purchaser power is additionally expanded in light of the fact that a definitive wellspring of assets for most medication buys is an open or private-part wellbeing safety net provider or comparable body. Such huge buyers apply monopsony advertise power promotion it is exceptionally regular for them to utilize at least one explicit value control techniques. In certain situations governments may legitimately set medication costs, making any takeoffs illegal.In instance of repayments governments may set an extremely low cost for new or existing medications. Under reference value systems repayment levels are dictated by differentiating the cost of a medication in restorative class as well as friend bunch nations. In the event that remedial classification cont ains generics the reference cost is pushed down for on-patent medications in a similar class. On the off chance that friend bunch nations have lower per capita earnings, a comparable impact happens. Value volume or benefit control may likewise exist. Past the specified sum makers bring to the table either value decreases or compensatory dispensing to government.Overall, industry allure due to buyer’s haggling power is moderate at 3 focuses. Haggling Power of Suppliers Manufacturers of dynamic pharmaceutical fixings (APIs) are significant providers to the pharmaceutical market. This structures a sub-area of the compound business. Many driving pharmaceutical organizations appreciate less haggling intensity of providers because of significant interests in fine synthetics producing which gives a serious extent of independence. APIs are given on a legally binding premise thus pharmaceutical organizations chance raised exchanging costs on the off chance that they consider moving th eir business to an alternate place.Sequentially, pharmaceutical organizations utilize sourcing chiefs to reduce costs and to diminish provider power. Anyway synthetic producers can request more significant expenses in the event of advancement of new restorative specialists as it requires sourcing of fresher APIs. Most organizations buy crude materials from numerous providers along these lines diminishing their dependence on any one organization. By and large, providers have little separation as research center gear and synthetic substances are for the most part uniform. In this way organizations have a numerous choices to acquir

Corrosion testing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Erosion testing - Essay Example This infers this arrangement delivers a destructive climate in the chamber. The acknowledged standard of testing chambers as indicated by the worldwide gauges on salt showers test (ISSST) is 400 liters. On the other hand, some different arrangements can likewise be relevant when testing erosion. The test that applies 5% NaCl is the impartial salt shower whereby different arrangements fitting for this chamber incorporate acidic corrosive. With the utilization of this arrangement, the name of the technique for testing is acidic salt splash. The other arrangement that can apply for this situation is acidic corrosive blended in with of copper chloride, which is one of the known erosion analyzer is the Q-FOG cyclic consumption analyzers. Structures of these instruments shift as indicated by their capacity of chambers. They additionally fluctuate dependent on the different conditions to which they need to work. Figure 1: A case of a Q-FOQ cyclic consumption analyzer. Results or testing of this machine is like those of an open air testing, which the vast majority of the salt shower analyzers have neglected to convey. The reason and utilization of the consumption testing gear The craving to keep up use and presence of various machines is a worry for various designing enterprises. They endeavor to lean toward utilizing their materials in an effective manner as well as to guarantee long haul utilization of their items. This field utilizes different metallic instruments that are either ferrous or non-ferrous. What remains in the utilization of these metallic instruments is the way that they are liable to assault by shifted climate conditions. These conditions incorporate stickiness, essential arrangements, gasses, and acids. The primary motivation behind these components is to start the impact of consumption on metallic materials. In this manner, makers of these metallic materials think that its important to pick a determined covering material for the various components. The quality control that applies during creation of different metallic instruments is additionally fundamental in the current period. This calls for erosion testing instruments that apply in the worldwide field. This is on the grounds that they help in recognizing the erosion component that exists for a metal, which is fundamental in furnishing clients with life span of their individual metallic materials. Different tests performed by the erosion analyzers Many tests can apply in examining consumption in various metals. These tests change contingent upon the factors in question, for example, climate conditions and machine’s details. The stickiness test is one of the basic tests in the field of erosion. In the erosion analyzers, this happens in the dampness cupboards that are impenetrable and dampness verification (Prateepasen and Jirarungsatian E11). The chamber likewise has a normal temperature of 100 degrees. The reason for this test is to decide if the oxidative assault ha s started on a given metal. For this situation, the individual stepping through the exam looks for any appearance of a rankle with the goal of knowing whether an assault has just started on a given metal. Another class of consumption testing is the salt splash tests. For this situation, the extents of chambers may have principles as indicated by given details. Chambers for this situation have huge sizes when contrasted with those pre-owned when taking moistness tests. Different tests incorporate submersion tests, sway tests, open air presentation tests other than others. The tests basically center around dispensing with impacts of

Make a Fake Neon Sign Using Fluorescence

Make a Fake Neon Sign Using Fluorescence Do you love the appearance of neon signs, yet need an economical elective that you can redo to state anything you desire? You can make a phony neon sign utilizing fluorescence to make modest basic materials gleam. Counterfeit Neon Sign Materials You just need a couple of essential materials for this venture. Adaptable plastic tubing (normally sold as aquarium tubing)Glue gunCardboard or other firm support for your signFluorescent highlighter pen or clothing detergentWaterBlack light Make the Fake Neon The plastic tubing will shine blue under a dark light, so actually this undertaking will work in the event that you essentially structure a sign with the tubing and enlighten it with a dark light (bright light). In any case, youll get an a lot more splendid shine on the off chance that you fill the tubing with a fluorescent fluid, for example, a modest quantity of clothing cleanser disintegrated in water (brilliant blue) or a fluorescent highlighter ink cushion in water (accessible in different hues). Tip: A great deal of highlighter pens called fluorescent markers arent really fluorescent. Compose a snappy note on paper and sparkle a dark light on it to decide if the ink fluoresces. Yellow quite often gleams. Blue once in a while does. Make the Sign Design Work on framing the word you need on your sign so you can get a thought of how much tubing will be required.Cut the tubing to some degree longer than what you might suspect you will need.Fill the plastic tubing with your phony neon. Put one finish of the tubing into the fluorescent fluid and raise it higher than the opposite finish of the tubing. Spot the lower end of the tubing into a cup so you wont have a major chaos. Let gravity pull the fluid down the tube.When the tubing is loaded up with fluid, seal its closures with globules of craft glue. Permit the paste to cool before continuing to ensure you have a decent seal on your neon.Apply heated glue to adhere the tubing to the sponsorship you have chosen. Structure the word for your sign. On the off chance that you are making a sign that utilizes numerous words, you will require separate cylinders for each word.If you have abundance tubing, deliberately cut the end and seal it with hot glue.Illuminate the sign by turning on a dark light. A glaring light apparatus will give some sparkle, yet for a splendid neon appearance, utilize a dark light.

Sniffy the Virtual Rat

Presentation Scholars managing human and creature conduct have thought of various hypotheses to clarify how conduct is procured or how it gets wiped out. Such researchers incorporate BF Skinner, who best in class operant molding hypothesis and Ivan Pavlov, who exceptional old style molding hypothesis. In this paper, old style and operant molding tests will be structured. The noteworthiness of the investigations and how they identify with human conduct and thinking will be explained.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Sniffy the Virtual Rat explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Classical molding This is a social learning hypothesis progressed by Ivan Pavlov. In traditional molding, learning happens because of matching a characteristic boost together with a natural improvement (Hall, 1998). With the goal for figuring out how to happen, an unbiased upgrade is put before a characteristic boost. As indicated by Cherry (2012), conduct is found out t hrough relationship of the two boosts. A visit to the dental specialist analyze Miss Y has pits on the majority of her teeth. It isn't the first run through for her to have such an issue. Previously, she has been to the dental specialist and had a portion of the teeth with cavities extricated. The first occasion when, she found a female specialist who extricated the tooth however she felt no torment. The subsequent time, she found a male dental specialist who separated the rotted tooth. Notwithstanding, the experience was not equivalent to the one she had during her first extraction. The male dental specialist separated the tooth in a manner that caused her a great deal of agony. During the second time when she felt a great deal of agony, Miss Y noticed a portion of the attributes of the dental specialist who played out the activity. The male dental specialist was wearing a white cover, had scenes on and was from an alternate racial gathering (race A). During her resulting visit to the dental specialist to have another tooth separated, Miss Y finds another dental specialist that she has never met. Notwithstanding, the dental specialist is a man, wearing a white cover, with scenes on and from race A. Before disclosing her concern to this dental specialist, Miss Y begins shaking because of dread. She begins feeling a ton of agony on her tooth that has not been hurting while she was going to the dental specialist. Miss Y is acting as such in light of the fact that she has figured out how to connect torment during teeth extraction with male dental specialist of a specific race. Miss Y chooses to check another dental specialist to extricate the tooth. Her next stop handles her to a woman dental specialist. Miss Y is presently loose and all set through the procedure of extraction. She relates the experience is hoping to have with the past easy method that she experienced when the extraction was finished by a woman. For the remainder of the occasions that she visits a dental specialist, Miss Y solicitations to have a woman dental specialist deal with her. Thus, she guarantees that the extraction is continually painless.Advertising Looking for investigate paper on brain research? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After Miss Y has had her dental issues managed, she doesn't want to keep visiting the dental specialist as normally as she did. Be that as it may, at whatever point she goes to the emergency clinic and finds a male specialist from race A, she is held by exceptional dread and starts feeling torment in her body. In actuality, at whatever point she goes to the medical clinic and finds a woman specialist, she is increasingly loose and less frightful. She says that she feels practically zero torment at all when she is treated by a woman specialist. Miss Y is adapted that every male specialist from race An incur torment upon their patient during treatment. Then again, all female specia lists treat their patients with less torment. Along these lines, at whatever point Miss Y sees a male specialist from race An, in any event, when she needn't bother with his administrations, she is loaded up with dread. Infant and mother test Another case of traditional molding can be shown through a mother’s relationship with her small kid. At the point when the youngster is with the mother, it is normally tranquil and on occasion affable. Be that as it may, when the mother conveys her satchel and is going to leave for work, the child begins to cry. Each time the child sees the mother convey her satchel, it begins to cry since it knows that the mother is going to leave. This occurs after the mother over and again leaves for work at whatever point she conveys her purse. The child in this way connects the purse with being abandoned by the mother. After persistently blending the purse with the mother’s flight, the infant begins to cry at whatever point she sees a satchel , in any event, when the mother isn't leaving. The mother for this situation is the impartial boost, abandoning the child is the unconditioned improvement, crying the unconditioned reaction, the mother the molded upgrade and crying the adapted reaction. The baby’s relationship of the tote with being abandoned outcomes to speculation. For this situation, the child cries at whatever point the mother conveys whatever else that appears as though a sack, in any event, when she isn't leaving. Operant molding Operant molding was first proposed by Burrhus Frederic Skinner normally known as BF Skinner (Mcleod, 2007). Skinner drew a great deal from Thorndike’s work. The most significant parts of operant molding are support, prizes and discipline. On the off chance that one fortifies a specific conduct, there is probability for the conduct to be displayed once more. Notwithstanding, if conduct isn't fortified, it will most presumably be debilitated and in the end become terminate d. Fortification Positive support can be shown using an eager canine put in a unique box. The crate has a switch that is deliberately put along the edge. The rodent can move openly inside the container. Be that as it may, during a portion of its development, the rodent incidentally steps on the switch along the edge of the container. At the point when this occurs, the rodent sees a food pellet close to the switch it has stepped on. The rodent discovers that squeezing the switch is remunerated by arrangement of food.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Sniffy the Virtual Rat explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, the rodent keeps squeezing the switch whatever number occasions as would be prudent and the result is as yet the equivalent. For this situation, the conduct of squeezing the switch is strengthened in light of the fact that it results to something attractive. Along these lines, the rodent keeps on squeezing the switch each tim e it needs something to eat. This is a case of uplifting feedback, which reinforces a given conduct and builds its opportunity of repeat. Conduct is fortified through compensating one’s conduct with an alluring result. The conduct is probably going to be rehashed in future if an attractive result is given. Negative fortification According to Mcleod (2007), another method of fortifying conduct is the utilization of negative support. Negative fortification is relevant to the rodent in the container analyze that we utilized for uplifting feedback. To present negative support, one would open the rodent to something that isn't lovely, for instance an electric flow. The switch ought to be set to such an extent that the electric flow turns off promptly it is squeezed by the rodent. In this manner, the rodent would discover that squeezing the switch gave a method of break from the horrendous electric flow that it is exposed to. Each time the electric flow is turned on in the case, th e rodent will tend to move to where the switch is and press it so as to get away from the undesirable conditions in the container. The activity is rehashed again and again in light of the fact that the rodent has figured out how to get away from the inconvenience brought about by the electric flow. Discipline Punishment is intended to make a reaction be frail or to make it wiped out rather than support that is intended to build the likelihood of event of a conduct. There are two different ways that can be utilized to issue out discipline. The first includes utilization of a disagreeable improvement subsequent to something incorrectly has been finished. The other one is refusal of a compensating upgrade at whatever point an undesired conduct is displayed. Discipline is fundamentally the same as negative support. This kind of molding can be utilized to energize positive conduct in the two creatures and people. It can likewise be utilized to debilitate negative conduct in people and cr eatures. Conduct learnt through operant molding is effortlessly halted when the outcomes that were empowering its event are pulled back. This is what is called elimination. These trials improve the old style molding hypothesis progressed by Ivan Pavlov and operant molding progressed by Burrhus Frederic Skinner. They show that some conduct that individuals display have been procured through relationship of a characteristic improvement with the earth as in old style conditioning.Advertising Searching for inquire about paper on brain research? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Different practices are gotten lasting or wiped out because of positive or negative fortification and discipline, as proposed by operant molding hypothesis. The hypotheses are pertinent in everyday life in the two people and creatures. End The trials bolster the two speculations of conduct procurement to be specific: traditional and operant molding. The creature tests directed by BF Skinner and Ivan Pavlov relate near human reasoning and conduct. Reference List Cherry, K. (2012). The Little Albert Experiment: A Closer Look at the Famous Case of Little Albert. New York: About.com. Web. Corridor, R. (1998). Old style Conditioning. Web. Mcleod, S. (2007). Skinner †Operant Conditioning. London: Psychology Press. Web. This exploration paper on Sniffy the Virtual Rat was composed and put together by client Bryant B. to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for resear

Who Lives in a Pineapple Under the Sea

Who Lives in a Pineapple Under the Sea The SpongeBob Fan Club does, of course! SBFC is a collection of hard-core SpongeBob aficionados. We meet up one night a week to watch episodes, play games, make friends, and quote favorite lines. From the t-shirt of (you guessed it) the SpongBob Fan Club “Are you guys for real?” Areyoufor real? “What, do you just, like, watch episodes all the time?” NO! But every other meeting, yes. We’re all in the club because we either love SpongeBob or we’re imposters. Most of us are the former. We do all sorts of things when we’re not watching episodes. We play SpongeBob-themed versions of Mafia, Taboo, 20 Questions, Jeopardy, Apples to Apples, and so much more. We discuss the philosophy of SpongeBobâ€"yes, you read that right. Sometimes we just grab ice cream and go bowling. “Do you watch any of the new episodes?” We usually stick to seasons 1-3, watching everything up to and including the first movie. This is really just done out of sensitivity; some club members refuse to believe that anything later than season 3 exists, and we’d hate to burst their bubble. “What did any of you even join the SpongeBob Fan Club in the first place?” Because it is wonderful and fun and cool and better than any other club and thought-provoking and spectacular and awe-inspiring and great and wonderful and special. “Don’t you have to be stupid somewhere else?” “Not until 4.” “One more question… can I join?” If you’re a student at UIUC, then yes! Go find us on Facebook, Instagram, or Illinois connections. Kate Class of 2020 I’m a senior here at the university, majoring in English and Math and minoring in Spanish. I’ve lived in Illinois all my life, sharing a room with my sister and many crickets. As the youngest in my family, I’m lucky enough to have my older siblings’ advice and perspective as I make my way through college!

Who Lives in a Pineapple Under the Sea

Who Lives in a Pineapple Under the Sea The SpongeBob Fan Club does, of course! SBFC is a collection of hard-core SpongeBob aficionados. We meet up one night a week to watch episodes, play games, make friends, and quote favorite lines. From the t-shirt of (you guessed it) the SpongBob Fan Club “Are you guys for real?” Areyoufor real? “What, do you just, like, watch episodes all the time?” NO! But every other meeting, yes. We’re all in the club because we either love SpongeBob or we’re imposters. Most of us are the former. We do all sorts of things when we’re not watching episodes. We play SpongeBob-themed versions of Mafia, Taboo, 20 Questions, Jeopardy, Apples to Apples, and so much more. We discuss the philosophy of SpongeBobâ€"yes, you read that right. Sometimes we just grab ice cream and go bowling. “Do you watch any of the new episodes?” We usually stick to seasons 1-3, watching everything up to and including the first movie. This is really just done out of sensitivity; some club members refuse to believe that anything later than season 3 exists, and we’d hate to burst their bubble. “What did any of you even join the SpongeBob Fan Club in the first place?” Because it is wonderful and fun and cool and better than any other club and thought-provoking and spectacular and awe-inspiring and great and wonderful and special. “Don’t you have to be stupid somewhere else?” “Not until 4.” “One more question… can I join?” If you’re a student at UIUC, then yes! Go find us on Facebook, Instagram, or Illinois connections. Kate Class of 2020 I’m a senior here at the university, majoring in English and Math and minoring in Spanish. I’ve lived in Illinois all my life, sharing a room with my sister and many crickets. As the youngest in my family, I’m lucky enough to have my older siblings’ advice and perspective as I make my way through college!

Subjectivitiy in As I Lay Dying - Literature Essay Samples

One of the central thematic elements of As I Lay Dying is the distinction between fact and interpretation of fact. Clearly, any objective fact can result in a multitude of subjective interpretations because the characters all have individual points of view. Their perspectives of any empirical truth depends upon their prejudices and perceptions; as a result, nothing that is said can be fully trusted or assumed to be pure in its objective truth. Though the novel is structured on the basis of the fact that each character experiences the same events, they all differ in their interpretations and perspectives. Since each character possesses a point of view that the reader cannot know for sure is entirely accurate and truthful, the theme of As I Lay Dying may be that there is no such thing as objective truth. To raise this question of reality, William Faulkner introduces two literary techniques in As I Lay Dying that draw into question the validity of the information being provided. Faulkn er not only engages in the use of a wide variety of narrators, but he also utilizes stream-of-consciousness to heighten the inability to distinguish between fact and interpretation. The technique of stream-of-consciousness allows for narration to be introduced as if the thoughts are being read as the characters are thinking them; ideas and memories arise without premeditation and as such bear the mark of immediacy. In addition, because it is the characters thoughts rather than dialogue with another, the first instinct is to believe them, since thoughts are usually unfiltered. The use of stream-of-consciousness also serves to obscure the journey toward finding an objective truth. For instance, Cora Tulls perspective on the relationship between Addie and Darl or Addie and Jewel is significantly dissimilar than the perspectives of those characters, themselves. Thus, any supposedly objective truth that exists in any circumstance cannot necessarily be found in just one particular point o f view. Another instance of this shifting perspective is in how Jewel and Peabody consider Addy in terms of being victimized, where as Anse clings to his reality that places him as a victim. Another technique that Faulkner uses is to structure the novel in the form of disconnected monologues. For example, consider the difficulty of constructing an accurate timeline of events from the monologue in which Dewey Dell faces off with Vardman in the shed. Faulkner writes: You durn little sneak! My hands shake him, hard. Maybe I couldnt stop them. I didnt know they could shake so hard. They shake both of us, shaking. I never done it, he says. I never touched them(Faulkner 383). Both characters insist and believe in their own innocence, but clearly both cannot be innocent. In addition, they are each so wrapped up in insisting upon their version of the story that the sequence of the actual circumstances is confused within their own consciousness. Dewey Dell believed that Vardaman was covert ly watching her, whereas Vardaman labored under the impression that Dewey Dell was going to tell him off. The result is a blending of the past and the present and the inability to come to anything even close to an objective reality. In another instance, the reality of exactly what was taking place between Cora and Darl remains forever locked in mystery because the perspectives presented are contradictory. As Faulkner writes, He did not answer. He just stood and looked at his dying mother, his heart too full for words (Faulkner 355). Cora views Darl through the rosy lens of being a loving mother; she also thinks he is Addies favorite. From Darls perspective, however, he seems to be completely unresponsive to his mother and the three dollar load. Furthermore, most of the others believe that it is Jewel who is the favorite. This utter disconnect serves to call into question the reliability of the narrators. What the characters think and which words they speak, meanwhile, create a fou ndation upon which to build yet another subjective reality: the readers. Faulkner also builds the readers sense of his or her own, individual perspective by making use of figurative language in describing scenery and characters. Characters often resort to using metaphors and similes as well as other stylistic turns of phrase. For example, when Darl seeks to incite Dewey Dell, his attempt is not explicit. Rather, it is accomplished through the use of double entendres. The double entendre is a microcosm of the shifting realities of the story: The phrases have factual meaning, but can be interpreted in various ways. For example, Darl remarks, Those cakes will be in fine shape by the time we get to Jefferson (Faulkner 483). Cakes serves as a metaphor for Deweys pregnancy. It is Darl, in particular, who employs these descriptive flourishes in his narrative; his talent causes some to consider him strange. Thus, Faulkner employs word choice not only to allude to the shifting realities of t he novel, but, also, to delineate the differences between the characters. The unique language used by characters in the novel often is a revelation more profound than the textual content of their narratives. Indeed, the words that each character speaks provide the only real insights into the objective reality of the novel. For example, there are Tulls multiple references to religion and scripture. It is important in understanding her to pay attention not only to the fact that she is referencing religious iconography, but to how she makes those references. Her manner is to voice them almost like a child would repeat a catechism he does not fully understand. It becomes obvious that Tull herself does not fully comprehend the profundity of the religion she clings to. Neither does she seem to fully understand what is taking place among her family. In contrast, Jewel regularly uses obscene language and speaks quite insensitively, and his quick temper is mirrored by the violence of his lan guage. The Bundren family cannot agree on an objective reality because they make little attempt at arriving at any genuine understanding of each other. Just as the novel is a collection of individual narratives and memories, the Bundren family refuses to be a cohesive unit; they are simply a set of disconnected individuals who happen to share a common ancestry. The great irony is that what seems to at last bring about their unity is not a celebration of life, but an occasion of death. Yet even this attempt at a final reconciliation is only tenuous, as each family member has their own personal and private motivations that they refuse to share with each other. Usually, in fact, they seem to be callously disregarding the fact that Addy is simply a rotting corpse. In perhaps the most perverse reversal of subjective truth, some of them are repulsed by the stench of deathyet the buzzards flying overhead are drawn to the scene exactly for that stench. Objective truth is merely the resul t of intensely personal subjectivity; what is appalling to one person will be appealing to another. Thus, As I Lay Dying presents even the dead member of its cast of characters in a subjective light by questioning whether objective truth can exist. Addies true qualities as a human being remain a mystery; some may view her as a character treading in the icy waters of evil, while others may arrive at the conclusion that she is the only character worthy of any admiration. The multiple viewpoints and the stream-of-consciousness technique all create a work that is purposely subject to interpretation. There is no objective truth to the novel any more than there is any objective truth to the events that take place within it. Faulkners engagement of multiple narratives also serves to become a filter that is necessary for sorting out lies and opinions from factual events. The result is naturally unsettling and confusingbut, as Faulkner desires to make people ask tough questions about the n ature of reality and the search for an objective truth, that is exactly his intent.

Slaughterhouse Five And The Comforts Of Indifference By...

find that there is none. The story doesn’t morally make any sense, and thats the conclusion Vonnegut is trying to guide the reader towards. The literary criticism of ‘Slaughterhouse Five’ and the Comforts of Indifference, written by Barry Chabot is a critical essay that explores deeper into the meaning behind the eccentric story of Billy Pilgrim, and its creator Kurt Vonnegut. Billy Pilgrim’s indifference is an extension of Vonnegut attempting to come to terms with the violent nature of man. However this â€Å"comfort† is suggested to be â€Å"cruelly inadequate† and described to be an â€Å"opiate of the terminally weary†, (Chabot n.p.) and that the solace Billy Pilgrim finds in indifference only serves to help accommodate him to the atrocities of the world rather than standing up to them. Even though the bombing of Dresden is evidence enough of the destruction brought about by war Vonnegut â€Å"makes references to the concentration camps, the destruction of European Jewry, the bombing of Hiroshima, and behind them, as if to insist that such murderousness is no historical anomaly, to the children s crusades of another era.†(Chabot n.p.) Beyond the violence caused by humans is the inevitable coming of death whether violence is present or not. â€Å"Vonnegut s father died of natural causes, not at the hands of others.† In addition â€Å"Edgar Derby is never mentioned without reference to the fact that he is to be executed for stealing a teapot, an event which is not finally narrated until the finalShow MoreRelatedDeterminism in Slaughterhouse-Five by Billy Pilgrim Essay1460 Words   |  6 PagesDeterminism, particularly pre-determinism, states that the origin of creation controls when and why all events of the past, present, and future occur, which deci sively contradicts the belief in free will of the majority of humans in today’s society. Slaughterhouse-Five follows the life of Billy Pilgrim, a young man who has become â€Å"unstuck† in time. The novel traces Billy’s experiences during the bombing of Dresden in World War II, an encounter with extraterrestrials, called Tralfamadorians, and throughoutRead MoreSlaughterhouse Five By Kurt Vonnegut1242 Words   |  5 PagesSlaughterhouse Five, a novel written by Kurt Vonnegut, depicts unchronological and sometimes nonsensical moments of the life of Billy Pilgrim as he â€Å"become[s] unstuck in time†(Vonnegut S. Five 23) Billy has no control over where he will end up next. â€Å"He has seen his birth and death many times, and he pays random visits to all the events in between†, and â€Å"is in a constant state of fright, ... because he never knows which part of his life he is going to have to act out next.†(Vonnegut S. Five 23)

Public Finance - 2835 Words

public finance is the study of the financial activities of governments and public authorities. divided into three categories: a - Knowing what activities the public sector engages in and how these are organized (that is, revenue gathering and expenditures) b - Understanding and foreseeing the full consequences of these governmental activities c - Evaluating alternative policies. The positive side describes the activities of the public sector, explains the reasons of the programs in existence and also analyses the consequences of government policies The normative side, on the other hand, is concerned with designing new policies that meet certain objectives. *two approaches are complementary, because, in order to make judgements about what†¦show more content†¦example education externalities keep the market from reaching allocative efficiency because the gains or losses generated are external to the pricing system; they are unpriceable. The transaction costs of externalities misallocation of resources or a failure of the market economy to generate a Pareto optimum. positive externalities 3 types of interventions the government may engage in: (i) Subsidies: Subsidies are monetary payments government budget to lower their prices Long-term, low-interest loans and tax reductions are examples of subsidies. (ii) Government production at lower priceswe have a direct governmental influence on allocation because the government itself undertakes the responsibility of the production of the positive external good. supplies it at a lower price, in some cases free of charge iii)compulsion:it regulate the consumption of certain goods and services.example in most country basic education is compulsory and parents have to send their children to school. negative externalities arise from harmful production and consumption, 3 instruments the government may use. These are: (i)Tax penalties or legal punishments to limit the production or consumption of a good. e.g. outlawing pollution (ii) The government may impose excise taxes on goods so as to discourage their consumption or production. known as sumptuary taxes, e.g. taxes on the consumption of alcoholic drinksShow MoreRelatedThe Strong Performance Of Public Finances1198 Words   |  5 Pages The strong performance of public finances in Sweden is an interesting case.Previous studies have compared the current crisis with the banking crisis in Sweden in the early 1990s to study the reason behind Sweden’s strong public finances (Flodà ©n, 2013). When comparing the macroeconomic behavior during the current crisis and during the banking crisis in the early 1990s, it showed a larger drop in GDP and in exports while unemployment increased very less during the current crisis. The absence of largeRead MorePublic Finance1387 Words   |  6 Pagesexpenditures would not fare well waiting a turn in line for a day on the Court calendar. Further delays would inevitably ensue due to the number of filings, and the complex issues to be considered. Schultze further effectively portrays a general public that would struggle to understand the impact of the amendment until it reached Main Street, taking the form of a decline in the quality and performance of government (at all levels), higher taxes, and expenditure cuts†¦or the cumulative effectRead MoreFinance Of The Public Debt2307 Words   |  10 PagesBuying Treasury Securities The Bureau of the PUBLIC DEBT Department of the Treasury Treasury Securities The Treasury issues three types of marketable securities - bills, notes, and bonds. These securities are direct obligations of the United States Government. When originally issued, they are sold through an auction process. They are commonly known as marketable securities because after their original issue that may be bought or sold in the secondary (commercial) market at the prevailing marketRead MoreThe Government And Government Of Public Finance1622 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The branch in which we read thoroughly the contribution of the government in money related matters is known as public finance. In this branch we analyze the government and government expenditure of public authorities with the help of these we tries to achieve useful effects discarding harmful effects. The initial point for accessing the public finance is the proper role of finance. Actually during special conditions private markets will distribute goods and services among people in a effectiveRead Morenotes about Public Finance Essay1824 Words   |  8 PagesName -----------------------------------ID# -----------------------------------Public Finance Homework 2 Due in class – October 28 There are 20 multiple-choice questions, each is worth 5 points for a total of 100 points plus one extracredit question. Please, write with pen, print and staple this HW. I. Externalities Problem: Firms A and B each produce 80 units of pollution. The federal government wants to reduce pollution levels. The marginal costs associated with pollution reduction are MCARead MoreThe Global Financial Crisis Has Caused A Massive Deterioration Of Public Finances1465 Words   |  6 PagesThe global financial crisis has caused a massive deterioration in public finances in the euro area. The 2009 recession severely curtailed public revenues and weighed heavily on the welfare state. In addition, states have boarded on bank bailouts and costly stimulus packages. In 2010, no country belonging to the euro area was able to comply with the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP). Public debt in the euro area increased from 65% to 85% of GDP between 2007 and 2010. This debt crisis was certainlyRead MoreBuilding Finance And Operate For Procuring A Major Public Sector Project907 Words   |  4 PagesThe basis of Design Build Finance and Operate for procuring a major public sector project For the past twenty years, as stated by Gil (2013) , the new way by which the rapid demand of the public in terms of social vertical and horizontal infrastructures are manage is generally referred to as the Public Private Partnership (PPP). As also mentioned by HM Treasury (2008), all services under the public which are to be executed by means of the Public Private Partner system are of the guarantee to beRead MorePublic Finance1372 Words   |  6 PagesCHAPTER 1: MEANING, NATURE AND SCOPE OF PUBLIC FINANCE Def: Public Finance is the field of economics that studies government activities and the alternative means of financing government expenditures. Our focus in this course is on the microeconomic functions of government, the way government affects the allocation of resources and the distribution of income. THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK The Appropriation Act gives the Government of Belize the authority to collect revenue and incur expenditure withinRead MoreThe Principles Of Public Finance828 Words   |  4 Pagesimpact of this shift there are several principles of public finance that come into play. We will review three principles and discuss the impact this initiative has on all three. Principle of Public Finance 1 – Market Failure Market failure is defined as â€Å"when the market economy fails to fairly and efficiently allocate all resources, products, money income, and assets to their highest valued among alternative (social) uses† (Baker College, 2016, Public Sector Failure and Market Failure section, paraRead MorePublic Finance Assignment831 Words   |  4 PagesProblem 1 (Public goods/Voting) Recommended source: Rosen, Public Finance. Citizens/voters in a hamlet inhabited by only three citizens consider the provision of street light. The marginal benefit curve of each citizen is downward sloping in the amount of street light provided. The cost of providing street light consists of erecting lamp posts and the electricity for illumination. For part a)-c) of this question, assume the following: All lamps are switched on during the hours of darkness such

Child Labor and England’s Industrial Revolution Essay

Child Labor and England’s Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution in nineteenth-century England brought about many changes in British society. It was the advent of faster means of production, growing wealth for the Nation and a surplus of new jobs for thousands of people living in poverty. Cities were growing too fast to adequately house the numerous people pouring in, thus leading to squalid living conditions, increased filth and disease, and the families reliance upon their children to survive. The exploitation of children hit an all time peak in Britain when generations of its youth were sacrificed to child labor and the â€Å"Coffers† of England. From the late 18th century to the mid 19th century, the economy in†¦show more content†¦One child, Miss Elizabeth Bentley testified to the British Parliament in 1832 (during investigations), â€Å"That at the age of four, she worked from five in the morning until nine at night, six days a week. She received one penny and hour and with that she helped support her widowed mother and herself (IRbentley.htm).† Often times the children were not given their breaks and were told to eat their lunch as they worked. In the cotton, silk, and lace factories this resulted in the food becoming littered with material, rendering it difficult (if not impossible) to eat. The factories that these children worked in were extremely dirty and infested with rats, leading to poor health and the spread of disease. According to Miss Elizabeth Bentley: â€Å" after years of working in the card room, her lungs became so damaged that she could barely breathe. Her health forced her to quit and left her incapable of working by the time she was twenty (IRbentley.htm). Along with respiratory problems, each year thousands of children lost fingers, hands, and other various body parts in factory accidents. These injuries, accompanied with the sickness and disease that ran ramped through the factories created gruesome working conditions. It is no wonder, that many proponents to child labor in England would compare these children to â€Å"West Indian Slaves† and blame â€Å"brutal factory masters and parents forShow MoreRelatedEffects Of The Industrial Revolution On England1507 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of the Industrial Revolution on England The Industrial Revolution in England brought significant changes to the country both positive and negative. The Industrial Revolution was generally positive because of the development of technology and a better standard of living. However, some of the negative aspects were the terrible labor conditions and the mistreatment of women and children. Industrial Revolution in England started in the 1760s and went on until around 1850. Life beforeRead MoreThe Invention Of The Industrial Revolution1463 Words   |  6 Pagesthe 18th century. Prior to the 18th century and pre-industrial times, the way one sustained and obtained means for survival transformed fairly insufficiently. However, once the Industrial Revolution ignited throughout Europe, the course one’s of livelihood forever changed. While the Agricultural Revolution was a sufficient step forward in metamorphosing human society, it did not reign like the technological advantages of the industrial revolution. The introduction of mass production, steam enginesRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution886 Words   |  4 Pagesrequired human labor to use. Almost every aspect of life was changed during this time. The industrial revolution was first used to describe a new economy driven by factories and a rowing workforce. The industrialization of Europe not only changed people’s lives, but it changed the way the entire continent of Europe functioned (Backman, Clifford). Stephen Gardiner said, â€Å"The industrial revolution was another of those extraordinary jumps forward in the story of civilization† (Industrial Revolution Quotes†)Read MoreIndustrial Revolution: How Did the Industrial Revolution Transform Society?883 Words   |  4 Pages2. How did the Industrial Revolution transform society? During the 1700s, manufacturing companies in Britain began producing goods in a completely new way that would soon spread across Europe and then across the world. Inventors built remarkable machines. New forms of power, such as steam, replaced the strength of human and animals. The factory system of making goods also came into use. All of these advances affected patterns of living as well as working. Because society was so transformed, thisRead MoreEssay on The Industrial Revolution1366 Words   |  6 PagesThe Industrial Revolution Introduction to the Revolution The Industrial revolution was a time of drastic change marked by the general introduction of power-driven machinery. This change generally helped life, but it had its disadvantages as well. Pollution, such as Carbon Dioxide levels in the atmosphere rose, working conditions declined, and the number of women and children working increased. The government, the arts, literature, music, architecture and mans way of looking at life allRead MoreNegative Effects Of The Industrial Revolution923 Words   |  4 Pages Englands previous success from the Agricultural Revolution gave leeway to the Industrial Revolution of the seventeenth and eighteenth hundreds. Previous landowners and investors of the Agricultural Revolution were able to start or participate Corporations and Businesses to seek great profit. New machinery and technological innovations were frequent due to the demand for faster, more efficient technology. Working class families, who were arguably the sole reason for the grand success of the IndustrialRead MoreIndustrial Revolution Imagine a country side, the rolling hills, and small cottages that scatter1500 Words   |  6 PagesIndustrial Revolution Imagine a country side, the rolling hills, and small cottages that scatter throughout the land. A rural life in England, while something new was approaching the once serene world. This was a new world that was defined by steel and coal. Life in the western part of the world changed forever. In Great Britain the Industrial Revolution began. It brought power driven machinery and factory organization, which led to rapid development of communication, transportation, and urbanizationRead MoreThe Era Of The Victorian Era1565 Words   |  7 PagesThe Victorian Era is a period prominent in harboring peace, prosperity as well as introducing the later shifts in industrial and political reforms. Queen Victoria a notable person of the era, began her reign in 1837 and influenced England by the values she encouraged. The Victorian Era is divided into four categories: â€Å"The Early Period is known as â€Å"A time of Troubles†, The Mid-Victorian Period, The Late Period and The Nineties.â € (Stephen Greenblatt). The Nineties is thoroughly separated among theRead MoreIndustrial Revolution Essay1929 Words   |  8 PagesJennifer Yulfo Mr. Sotak Honors English 9 5 January 2018 The Best of Times and The Worst of Times â€Å"The Industrial Revolution has tended to produce everywhere great urban masses that seem to be increasingly careless of ethical standards† (Babbitt 139). The Industrial Revolution was a time of new production methods with extraordinary results in mass production. New travel options such as steamboats,railroads, and automotive vehicles with groundbreaking speeds and cheaper means of transportation wereRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution During The 19th Century2363 Words   |  10 PagesDuring the late 1800s and early 1900s, the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, and the working class worked tirelessly to produce products. Textiles were made faster and cheaper, food was more abundant, and the standard of living increased for many people. To industrialize Great Britain, laborers worked in factories and mills under horrible conditions. Despite attempts by Parliament to address problems with the factories’ working conditions through the passage of new legis lation, their

Sustainable Supply Chain - 986 Words

SUSTAINABILITY SUSTAINABILITY Role of reverse logistics and closed-loop supply chain in sustainability Implementation Manufacturing Strategy | AbstractIn this interim report, motive for doing this topic has been discussed and further, the methodology which will be used to reach the conclusion is also been mentioned. Finally, expected takeaway are also been highlighted. Kuldeep Jain - 1401083 Term Paper – Interim Report | Role of reverse logistics and closed-loop supply chain in sustainability Implementation Manufacturing Strategy | AbstractIn this interim report, motive for doing this topic has been discussed and further, the methodology which will be used to reach the conclusion is also been mentioned. Finally, expected†¦show more content†¦2. Distribution of publications per year across the period of the study (382 papers: 2007–2013). Fig. 2. Distribution of publications per year across the period of the study (382 papers: 2007–2013). * Evolution of reverse logistics and closed loop supply chain * Current scenario * Major contributors * Industry specific developments for e.g. Pharmaceuticals or E-retailers * Major Issue / Challenges * Future prospects Expected Takeaway(s) After this study, one should be able to understand the current state of reverse logistics in the industry and how it has been looked upon by organizations. Various issues will be highlighted and if possible, recommendations will be given to mitigate them. Future opportunities will be listed down and their feasibility check can be done. Finally, conclusion will be made on the role of reverse logistics for the development of a sustainable supply chain, and when we say sustainable, it means economic sustainability, environmental sustainability and social sustainability. References 1. D.S. Rogers, R.S. Tibben-Lembke (1998), â€Å"Going backwards: Reverse logistics trends and practices†, Center for Logistics Management, University of Nevada, Reno,Show MoreRelatedSustainable Supply Chain13609 Words   |  55 Pagesframework of sustainable supply chain management: moving toward new theory Craig R. Carter and Dale S. Rogers University of Nevada, College of Business Administration, Reno, Nevada, USA Abstract Purpose – The authors perform a large-scale literature review and use conceptual theory building to introduce the concept of sustainability to the ï ¬ eld of supply chain management and demonstrate the relationships among environmental, social, and economic performance within a supply chain management contextRead MoreCreating a Sustainable Supply Chain973 Words   |  4 Pages1.0 Introduction There are numerous definitions of the terms ‘Sustainable’ and ‘Supply Chain’. For the simplistic but practical definition is â€Å"Management of raw materials and services from suppliers to manufacturer/ service provider to customer and back with improvement of the social and environmental impacts explicitly considered†. The supply chain considers the interactions between a business and its customers and suppliers. The greatest benefits are derived by extending the focus as far as possibleRead MoreSustainable Supply Chain Management: State of the Art1929 Words   |  8 PagesSustainable Supply Chain Management: State of the Art Sarker Rafij Ahmed Ratan PhD student (1st level) University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Visiting research fellow , CERRAL, IUT Lumiere Lyon 2, France. Email: getrafij@yahoo.com Supervisor : Dr. Mijanur Rahman Treasurer , University of Dhaka Professor, Department of Marketing, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Acknowledgement Dr. Aicha Sekhari , Associate Professor IUT, University Lumiere Lyon 2, France. Dr. Syed Akter Hossain, Professor PostRead MoreMcdonalds Operations and Supply Chain - a Sustainable Edge Essay2232 Words   |  9 Pagesconstant striving of sustainability throughout the operations and supply chain used by McDonald’s, thus providing a competitive advantage in a dynamic and volatile environment. Consumption at the detriment to the environment - that which was once accepted by society as common practice, has since migrated to greener thinking, urging companies like McDonald’s to implement sustainable practices throughout their operations and supply chains, and working to align business needs to societal and environmentalRead MoreSustainable Supply Chain Management : A Fundamental Element Of Corporate Responsibility1257 Words   |  6 PagesSustainable Supply Chain Management The general purpose of sustainable supply chain management, a fundamental element of corporate responsibility, is to ensure resource stakeholder value through supporting adequate availability of resources for all stakeholders, by remaining accountable for the â€Å"environmental, social and economic impacts† of the organization’s operations (Business for Social Responsibility, 2010, p. 5). By utilizing data analytics, an organization can garner a greater understandingRead MoreSustainable Fashion Supply Chain: Lessons from HM6439 Words   |  26 PagesSustainability 2014, 6, 6236-6249; doi:10.3390/su6096236 OPEN ACCESS sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability Article Sustainable Fashion Supply Chain: Lessons from HM Bin Shen Glorious Sun School of Business and Management, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China; E-Mail: binshen@dhu.edu.cn; Tel./Fax: +86-216-237-3621 Received: 15 July 2014; in revised form: 15 August 2014 / Accepted: 19 August 2014 / Published: 11 September 2014 Abstract: SustainabilityRead MoreWhat Is The Sustainable Supply Chain?1331 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years sustainable supply chain management is one of the most interesting issues among supply chain experts. The sustainable supply chain focuses on social, environmental and economic performance measures as main pillars of sustainability. Environmental aspects of the sustainable supply chain include input- oriented factors such as renewable energy sources, natural resources, water and energy consumption or water quality, while output- oriented factors concentrate on waste and pollution[1]Read MoreHow The Super Brand Nike Make Supply Chains Sustainable?1035 Words   |  5 PagesPart 2 - How to Make Supply-Chains Sustainable? Introduction The super brand Nike produce approximately 900 million units of apparels and footwear annually through the supply chain involving over 16,000 selected materials from more than 1,500 different vendors, chosen from a staggering 80,000 material options (Nike, Inc. FY12/13). For example, a single pair of shoes can be made up of 30-plus materials on average (Nike, Inc. FY12/13). These materials include natural fibers such as cotton and woolRead MoreDrivers For Automotive Manufacturing Industry1631 Words   |  7 PagesDrivers for automotive manufacturing industry To secure and maintain the long term future of the automotive industry in terms of growing the share of the value chain and by getting ahead in the field of research and development (RD) on ultra-low emission vehicles. This strategy sets out the drivers for the automotive manufacturing industry. †¢ Legislation: Governments all over the world is enforcing legislations to protect the environment based on the international agreement on climate change (KyotoRead MoreAnalysis Of Ford s Value Chain Essay932 Words   |  4 PagesValue chain analysis Ford understands its value chain and regularly monitors and analyzes it as part of its â€Å"materiality analysis† (Corporateford.com., 2014, October 5). The value chain provides for Ford a road map for the identification of key impacts, stakeholders, stages of importance, and the value created which have a multinational effect impacting social, economic, and environmental factors (Corporateford.com., 2014, October 5). First is the Ford product planning and design stage of the value

Jane Eyre Chapter 2 Free Essays

The Chapter 2 Grade saver Jane Eyre is someone who desires to be set free. She is something like a rock who wants to feel the pleasure of being set free able to do what she likes but no all dreams come to and end because of her wicked cruel aunt who’s name is Mrs. Reed, Mrs. We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre Chapter 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now reed has 3 children named Georgiana, john and †¦.. She is hated by her fellow maids, Bessie, abbot and others who are not yet named. Analysis: From the very beginning of the book, Bronte uses careful novelistic craftsmanship to position the reader on Jane’s side. Not only does the narration occur in Jane’s voice, a fact which automatically makes her a more sympathetic character, but Bronte incorporates all of the tragic facts of Jane’s childhood in the first few pages. From the start, Jane is oppressed; she is sent off while her cousins play. We learn through exposition from John that she is a penniless orphan, dependent on the heartless Reed family but never on an equal level with her relatives; indeed, social class will play an important role in the rest of the novel. Although we do not have a clear sense of the extent of Mrs. Reed’s resentful feelings toward Jane, Bronte emphasizes Jane’s loneliness and lack of familial affection. Bronte also emphasizes Jane’s sensitive nature and inner strength. She is given to flights of fancy while reading, but she also displays a great deal of courage and sense of justice in her defense against John. This is only the first time that Jane will be imprisoned in the novel, though her later imprisonments will generally be more metaphorical, particularly in relation to class, gender, and religion. In this case, John is the root cause of Jane’s imprisonment and his word is taken above hers, a fact that parallels the gender relations of the male dominated Victorian society. Ironically, however, the three aggressors that maintain Jane’s imprisonment in the red-room are females, and Jane’s one savior, it appears, was her uncle. The chapter also introduces some of the Gothic literary tradition that inform much of the narrative structure of the text. The Gothic novel, popularized in the 18th-century, utilizes supernatural, suspenseful, and mysterious settings and events to create an atmosphere of horror and morbidity How to cite Jane Eyre Chapter 2, Essay examples

Management Problem

Question: Discuss about theManagement Problem. Answer: Introduction: 7-Eleven is considered to be the largest convenience and petrol retailers in Australia. It is an international chain that operates, licenses, and franchises convenience stores. There are around 56,000 stores spread out in 18 countries. All the franchisee and licensed store owner employ their employees locally and send their data to the company for records. It is the responsibility of the franchisee owner to pay its employees. Management of 7-Eleven audits all the franchisee at the end of the financial year (Bedford Malmi, 2015). In the last few years, regular complaints are coming from the employees of the convenience store Australian Franchisees that they are not getting paid as per the books and employment law. Franchisees are supposed to keep a record book of the employees working hours. But their also fraudulent activities were found. Records showed only half of the actual working hours an employee has put. This report will identify the problem and the reasons behind the occurre nce of the issue. A research program will be designed, and primary and secondary data will be collected to analyse the problem and find a solution for it. In the end, a conclusion will help in summarizing the whole report in brief (Bishop, 2007). Identification of the Problem Australia has around 615 stores of 7-Eeleven convenience store. In 2015, complaint against the franchisees of 7-Eleven was reported claiming that the store does not pay it, employees, the pay they are liable too. As per the complaint the company is paying its employee just $10-$14 per hour which was much less than the minimum wage rate which is $24.69 per hour. The records kept by the company were also manipulated and the actual working hours were not recorded in it. They were also not being paid for loadings, penalty rates, overtime hours, weekends, public holidays, and nights which they were legally entitled to (Blaxter, 2007). Research Questions 7-Eleven franchisees are using fraudulent practices in employing the employees? How it become possible for the franchisees to manipulate records and pay employees lees wages? Why has management not taken any steps regarding the complaint when it reached them for the first time? How such fraudulent practices can be stopped? Research Program A research design is a method or a plan that is chosen to determine the various components of the study in a logical and systematic way. That helps in making sure that the research problem is effectively addressed. A research design includes the blueprint for the way of collecting data, collected data, its measurement, and analysis. There are three types of research design Exploratory Research, Descriptive Research, and Casual Research (Cox, 2015). The research design used for analysing and finding a solution for the problem between 7-Eleven and its employees is Exploratory research, and it includes:- Open-end questioning to collect the primary data The report submitted by Fair Work Department can be used to get the secondary data. Analyses of the data Recommendations and solutions Application of the Research Program Open-end Questioning (Primary Data) Open-end questioning gives the first-hand account of the information required for the research purpose. A questionnaire was prepared and forwarded to the employees of 7-Eleven. The answers filled by the employees helped in determining the problem and the reason behind the problem (De Jager, Muller, Roodt, 2013). Few questions that was included in the questionnaire are the employees nationality, age, any other occupation, education level, reason for working for the company, how much they get paid in last one year (if they are working for more than a year), the number of hours they put in on daily basis, the number of holidays they worked for the company, how much overtime they are doing and how much they are being paid for it and the employment benefits are provided to them or not (Ekelund, 2014). A Report of Fair Work Authority (Secondary Data) April 2016, a report was published by the Fair Work authorities who reflected that a lot of underpayment of wages and falsification of employment records were happening in Australias largest convenience retailers. It disclosed that 7-Eleven is deliberately manipulating the records to hide the wages fraud and disobeying the rules of the Fair Work Act 2009 and Fair Work Regulations 2009. The report also determines the reason for non-compliance of the franchisee with Fair Work Act 2009 (Jebb, Parrigon, Eun Woo, 2016). Analyses of the Data The primary data collected resulted that 70% of the employees working at 7-Eleven are being paid less than the minimum wages finalized by the Fair Work Authorities 2009. The franchisee is manipulating the records by showing less working hours than the actual working hours put up by the employee. It was also found that the employees are not being paid penalties and overtime wages which they are liable of. The reason that was determined through the data collected is that the business model of 7-Eleven is such that it allow as the franchisees to do such fraudulent practices (Kunz, 2015). Secondly, the most of the employees are students those who are not allowed to work, so they start working for such less pay. The owners of the franchisees are mostly the immigrants coming from out of Australia who does not have full information about the laws and regulations of Australia. No proper guidance is being provided by the management of 7-Eleven to the franchisers, and therefore they do whateve r they feel like. The government had not taken any strict action against the company when the first report against the company came in front of them. The secondary data which is a report coming from the fair work authority also confirms the complaints registered by the employees. It states that employees are not paid as per the norms of Fair Work Authority. As per the report, from last eight years, the regular complaints are being come regarding the problem of underpayment of wages to employees. Many survey and studies are being done in last eight years (Mafini, 2016). Many notices were sent to the company management. Also, few recommendations were given to management to solve the issue. But, no action was taken from the side of management. Even after regular reminders, the franchisees did not stop their fraudulent practices and continued to take away their employees rights. Somewhere it was a mistake of Fair Work Authority also because they do not take a proper step to stop this fraud from happening again and again. If a proper action has been taken by the Fair Work Authority when they got the proofs of the fraud management is do ing with its employees then this would not have been continued, and many employees may have not suffered in the hands of 7-Eleven management. The report also says that the problem is in the business model followed by the company. That business model is designed in such a way that it allows the franchisees to practice such frauds. As per the report, Fair Work Authority has even asked the management of 7-Elene to change or redesign their business model (Peile, 2010). Recommendations and Alternatives There are few alternatives that can make the situation less severe than the present. The employees working in the company has to get together and then negotiate their demands with the management of the 7-Eleven company. There are just a few employees those who came up and accepted that yes they are being underpaid by the management. Recommendations for the company are as follows:- A guaranteed fund should be setup by the company that will help in repaying the employees their wages if the franchisee fails to pay it(Weiping Chen, 2011). A compliance partnership should be formed in between Fair Work Act and 7-Eleven, this would help the company in understanding a better way to deal with the employees working for it and also, they will have all the information about the rights and benefits that a company should give to the employees (Bedford Malmi, 2015). A modern system of keeping a record of all the employees that is a biometric system should be installed in all the franchisees of 7-Eleven (Bishop, 2007). It is recommended that 7-Eleven should be external auditors who can audit all the franchise stores of 7-Eleven and send a compiled report to the company. This will help in reducing the fraudulent practices and give the correct picture of each franchisees accounts (Blaxter, 2007). The management should consider accepting the responsibility of the issue that has taken place and make clear that in future such things will not happen. This will help in improving the companys image in the market (Cox, 2015). The business model followed by 7-Eleven has some loopholes that give a chance to franchisee holders to exploit their employees. A change of business model or redesigning of the current business model is suggested to cover up such loop holes. A direct approach of employees to the management is required because many a times employees were not able to take their problems to the management and it increased the tension between the employees and the franchisors(De Jager, Muller, Roodt, 2013). The owners of the franchises should be given a full detailed norms and regulation of employment system that they are supposed to follow(Ekelund, 2014). If the company follows the above-given recommendations, then the problem between the employees and the management of 7-Eleven will solve to the maximum. It is necessary that the company should make sure that once the problem gets solved it does not arise again (Jebb, Parrigon, Eun Woo, 2016). Conclusion Every company has few issues in their management which it should identify and solve as quickly as possible. Once the problem is identified a proper research should be done to find out the actual problem and the reason behind the problem. Like in this report, an issue between the employees of 7-Eleven and its management is being discussed. The employees were not being paid fairly by the franchisers and books were also manipulated. A research design was formed to find out the answer to the research questions regarding the issue a company management is facing. Hence, it concludes that if the 7-Eleven follows the recommendations and alternatives suggested in the report then the issue between the management and the employees can be solved and employees will get their rights and benefits as per their demands. References Bedford, D. Malmi, T. (2015). Configurations of control: An exploratory analysis.Management Accounting Research,27, 2-26. Bishop, L. (2007). A Reflexive Account of Reusing Qualitative Data: Beyond Primary/secondary Dualism.Sociol Res Online,12(3). Blaxter, M. (2007). Commentary on 'a Reflexive Account of Reusing Qualitative Data: Beyond Primary/secondary Dualism' (Libby Bishop).Sociological Research Online,12(3). Cox, A. (2015). Special issue: Research Data Management.Program,49(4). De Jager, C., Muller, A., Roodt, G. (2013). Developing creative and innovative thinking and problem-solving skills in a financial services organisation.SA J. Hum. Resour. Manag.,11(1). Ekelund, C. (2014). Franchisor-Franchisee Relationships: An Interaction Approach.WJM,5(1), 76-92. Jebb, A., Parrigon, S., Eun Woo, S. (2016). Exploratory data analysis as a foundation of inductive research.Human Resource Management Review. Kunz, J. (2015). Objectivity and subjectivity in performance evaluation and autonomous motivation: An exploratory study.Management Accounting Research,27, 27-46. Mafini, C. (2016). Barriers to public supply chain management strategy implementation: an exploratory diagnosis.Problems And Perspectives In Management,14(3-1), 256-265. Peile, E. (2010). Multi-method research; Multi-source feedback: pauci-impact data.Education For Primary Care,21(3), 139-140. Saraogi, A. (2009). Exploring Franchisor Franchisee Relationship: Building a Predictive Model of Franchisee Performance.Vision: The Journal Of Business Perspective,13(1), 31-58. Weiping Chen,. (2011). Franchisee perceived relationship value and loyalty in a franchising context: assessing the mediating role of franchisee satisfaction and the moderating role of franchisee characteristics.Afr. J. Bus. Manage.,5(28).

About Paintings James McNeill Whistler Essay Example For Students

About Paintings James McNeill Whistler Essay These artifacts were made for the sake of art which rejects the idea that the success of an art object can be measured by its accuracy, as a representation or the effectiveness with which it tells a story or suggests a moral. It actually really implies that an art object is best understood as a creation to be valued only for the success with which it organizes color and line into a formally satisfying and therefore beautiful whole. These artifacts communicate the reality of nature and village scenes. Whistler also created nudes, and portraits. In his landscapes he tried to make his paintings like a musician plays a keyboard where all elements are available, but the musician, or painter must choose which one to use. In his nocturnes he describes how at night a warehouse can look like palaces, and the whole city hangs in the heavens with the covering of the fog. In his domestic scenes he tries to re-create the flatness off picture plane. In his portraits he was a great aster and often compared to Velasquez. In Whistlers late nudes there was a sketchiness and Freer was one of the first collectors to realize their importance and beauty. Whistler worked with a variety of mediums. One of them was oil, in which he used his entire career, Many of them were his nocturnes and portraits and were the most celebrated. Another was pastels where he began using it in the sasss, but not seriously until 1879 when he created about ninety Venetian scenes, Also, e used watercolors which he learned at West point in 1876-77 and painted Sir Henry Thompson porcelain collection. He also made artifacts of drawings, lithographs, etchings, and droppings. Finally, this exhibition was great and wish it had all fisheries paintings. He has created so many throughout his career that he could hue his own museum with just his work. Really like his portraits and nudes. His sceneries are also good and like the way that he uses color and brush strokes.

Writing an Application Essay - What to Include in Your Writing Sample

Writing an Application Essay - What to Include in Your Writing SampleA Purdue Letter of Intent is a writing sample from the Office of the Director of Admissions and Financial Aid at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. This writing sample is one of the most frequently used by college students and high school graduates to give them an idea of how a formal letter of intent should be written.Verbiage is one of the most important parts in this type of essay. It can either be too stiff and formal, or it can be too simple and even generic. The best way to choose is to start with some samples of how the university has previously written it.If you want to write for example, the email essay, try to use the verbiage that would be used in an English essay. Avoid using words such as 'is'could have been'. Use more generic words such as 'needs', 'can', 'would', 'will', 'should', and so on. There are not specific rules for writing essays, but it's a good idea to stick to a few words that a re often used in other forms of English literature.To make your essay look like an English essay, and to make it more convincing, do include some information about the school's name or logo. For example, in the Purdue School of Business the logo should be visible. In fact, you can write in the subject heading of your essay, 'Attending the Washington University in St. Louis (Purdue).'In addition, if you are applying for jobs in your area, include the school's name or logo. It helps to convince the potential employer to hire you. Besides, the job will be appealing because of the school.Last but not least, the purpose of the letter is to help the prospective employer to determine whether you can fill the position. You will need to do the same if you are applying for a job at your college. Just a single sentence is enough. This will help you go to the school and tell them why you should be hired.Consider writing a letter of intent sample essay for a job interview. You might find that yo u excel at these types of writing samples because they are quick, direct, and to the point.

Hamlet Essays (1531 words) - Characters In Hamlet, Prince Hamlet

Hamlet When do you know a work of literature has stood the test of time? When William Shakespeare wrote it. But why are his works so respected and cherished? One of his most famous works, Hamlet, is still a favorite among actors and occasional readers, alike, but why? Why is Shakespeare's work still able to challenge and inspire people, four hundred years after it was written? The answer is simple. Shakespeare's work, though complicated, will never have just one meaning, it will always be up to the interpretation of the people of the time that is interpreting the drama. And with this reason, Shakespeare will always be powerful and applicable to the day. One of the first reasons why Hamlet will never lose importance is because of the incestuous relationship between Hamlet's mother, Queen Gertrude, and uncle, King Claudius. Even in Elizabethan times, Hamlet was disturbed by his mother's new love. In scene II of the first act, Hamlet's disgust with his mother's incestuous relationship and pain over his own father's death is no more clear then in the lines of his speech: But two months dead: nay, not so much, not two: so excellent a king; that was, to this, Hyperion to a satyr; so loving to my mother that he might not beteem the winds of heaven visit her face too roughly. Heaven and earth! Must I remember? Why, she would hang on him, as if increase of appetite had grown by what it fed on: and yet, within a month?let me not think on't?frailty, thy name is woman! ?a little month, or ere those shoes were old with which she followed my poor father's body, like Niobe, all tear:--why she, even she?o God! A beast, that wants discourse of reason, would have mourn'd longer?married with my uncle, my father's brother, but no more like my father than I to Hercules: within a month: ere yet the salt of most unrighteous tears had left the flushing in her galled eyes, she married. O, most wicked speed, to post with such dexterity to incestuous sheet! It is not nor it cannot come to good: but break, my heart; for I must hold my tongue. (Act I, Scene II, line 138-158) As shown by Hamlet's words, his feelings are very clear. He is ashamed of his mother's bed hopping. However, what he's most hurt by is the fact that his mother was able to move on so quickly. To him, it appeared as if one day she was living on his father's each and every word, and then the next sleeping with his uncle. The unusual thing about this situation though, was how accepting the people of Denmark were to their new king. In today's society, there would be no difference in how the son of a mother might feel, but definitely a distinct difference in how all other people would feel. Incestuous relationships are taboo and not accepted as normal and healthy relationships. Not only the son of the Queen of Denmark but the people as well would be much less accepting of their Queen marrying her brother-in-law only two months after the death of her husband, the King. There would be endless rumors and problems arising from such a relationship, so the rest of the government would never allow Claudius to become King. But since this play is staged four hundred years ago, such modern inconveniences, like the media, and magazines, such as the Globe, would not have to be considered when love decisions were made. Lucky for us today, we do have these inconveniences, even though many people think they're useless and a waste of paper. If they existed four hundred years ago, Shakespeare would never have been able to write such a play. The fact that incest will never go away and always be an issue in whatever time Hamlet is read in, people will never grow tired of the play and always argue about the incest element to the play. Another reason why Hamlet will always be well read is the character Hamlet's indecisiveness. No matter who is reading it, the reader will always have some type of memory in which he or she was indecisive and because of his or her inability to make a decision, a whole string of events occurred that never should have. In Hamlet's case, the fact that he had a chance to murder Claudius but didn't, could be seen as a huge mistake and the climax of the play. If Hamlet had been able to

Free Essays on Business Management

This paper’s topic will be Business Management. Business Management is a broad topic in which this paper will cover a few smaller opportunities in this major. This paper will cover a Human Resource Manager, a Customer Service Manager, and a Management Analyst and Consultant. This paper will approach the topic from three separate areas. It will talk about the responsibilities of each of the three management positions. It will also talk about the requirements. Not only the educational requirements, but also the basic communication, physical, and mental requirements. This paper will cover the vast salary ranges. It will also try to pinpoint how much money will be covered along with promotions. I will give you some of my opinions on these jobs since I am researching them and plan on doing one in the future. The responsibilities vary depending on the job and the work environment. A Human Resource Manager’s duties or responsibilities are to manage, plan, direct, and coordinate others in the Human Resource Department (SCOIS). Another duty is to keep the organization staffed with the best and most qualified personal available. A HRM (Human Resource Manager) also does some record keeping, wage and salary classifications, promotions, and they keep track of what vacation and sick leave has been taken. Some of there specialty areas are personnel relations and labor relations. They are also sometimes required to work more than forty hours but sometimes forty-five to fifty hours a week. They are expected to work how ever many hours it takes to get the job done (Trayno). A Management Analyst and Consultant has many responsibilities also. They are in charge of gathering and organizing information on problems and procedures. They analyze statistics and submit written recommendations to clients. They also interview employs (Choices). A Customer Service Manager has a vast amount of responsibilities. They train personnel and write s... Free Essays on Business Management Free Essays on Business Management Stephen R. Covey was born on October 24, 1932 in Salt Lake City. He is the founder of the Covey Leadership Center in his hometown. Stephen works to help others gain proficiency in their lives, especially within the context of business and management. In The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People Stephen Covey discusses several influential guidelines that will benefit anyone in the future. Covey wrote, â€Å"The way we see things is the source of the way we think and the way we act.† Covey also illustrates how to establish quality social abilities and professional management skills. Out of the seven habits illustrated in the book, some I have used in the past and the others I will be sure to use in the future. Now, I will explain how the seven habits will benefit me in the future. Be proactive is the first habit, which means I must step out as a leader in certain situations. This habit involves being brave and willing to accept responsibility for my actions. This habit describes my personality accurately. Being proactive gives me the upper hand and creates new opportunities for me in life. Sitting back and letting someone else be the leader may result in being left out. For example, if the teacher asks for a participant in class and I raise my hand to be a volunteer I am being proactive. This shows the professor that I have initiative. Begin with the end in mine tells me that I should picture what the outcome is going to be before I start. If I plan the situation out in my head I will know exactly how I am going to act the situation out in real-life. This habit will allow me to observe my defaults and issues that I may need to improve about a particular situation. Therefore, I can approach the situation without shortcomings to get in my way. In life when I am trying to accomplish a mission I need to put first things first. This implies deciding what is most important in my life. The important goals must be accomplished first by any ... Free Essays on Business Management This paper’s topic will be Business Management. Business Management is a broad topic in which this paper will cover a few smaller opportunities in this major. This paper will cover a Human Resource Manager, a Customer Service Manager, and a Management Analyst and Consultant. This paper will approach the topic from three separate areas. It will talk about the responsibilities of each of the three management positions. It will also talk about the requirements. Not only the educational requirements, but also the basic communication, physical, and mental requirements. This paper will cover the vast salary ranges. It will also try to pinpoint how much money will be covered along with promotions. I will give you some of my opinions on these jobs since I am researching them and plan on doing one in the future. The responsibilities vary depending on the job and the work environment. A Human Resource Manager’s duties or responsibilities are to manage, plan, direct, and coordinate others in the Human Resource Department (SCOIS). Another duty is to keep the organization staffed with the best and most qualified personal available. A HRM (Human Resource Manager) also does some record keeping, wage and salary classifications, promotions, and they keep track of what vacation and sick leave has been taken. Some of there specialty areas are personnel relations and labor relations. They are also sometimes required to work more than forty hours but sometimes forty-five to fifty hours a week. They are expected to work how ever many hours it takes to get the job done (Trayno). A Management Analyst and Consultant has many responsibilities also. They are in charge of gathering and organizing information on problems and procedures. They analyze statistics and submit written recommendations to clients. They also interview employs (Choices). A Customer Service Manager has a vast amount of responsibilities. They train personnel and write s...

Undertake an investigative project in the animal management sector Assignment

Undertake an investigative project in the animal management sector - Assignment Example turn, offer support to the industry either through legislative procedures or by creating the appropriate environment to promote such performances (Bradley 144) However, there is a touch to this entertainment industry that has drawn the attention of rights activists all over the world and that is the use of animals in entertainment. Animals have been used by humans to perform various roles since historical times. In fact, in most mythical renditions or oral narrations, man has been mentioned to have domesticated animals from time immemorial. One of the animals is the dog. A dog is an animal that is considered man’s best friend. Over the years, the dog has been used by man for various activities including security as well as to run errands. This has been in exchange for accommodation and food. This is not to mean that left on its own, a dog would never take care of itself. Humans are conscious animals. The ability of man to have a subconscious mind sets him apart from the other animals. In domesticating these animals, the concern is usually on their welfare. This has given rise to animal rights lobby groups whose concerns are how people relate to animals in their quest for pets, social creatures, and entertainment (Webster 56). Therefore, any form of mistreatment on the animals is usually dealt with throu gh the legal stipulations in the law. From early history, man has always used animals to offer entertainment. For instance, dog races in America dates back to the seventieth century. However, as humans increase in number, the forms of entertainment and creativity have also evolved in tandem. Modern day entertainment involving animals like dogs is christened a circus. This is a type of entertainment in which both people and animals are brought to a stage and made to perform stunts that are not commonly witnessed. The audience in attendance usually pays money to attend such shows or witness the performances (Michael 99). As the games grew in popularity, so did

Eco Bus 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Eco Bus 2 - Essay Example Income elasticity is a measurement of the rate over time of a change in quantity demanded because of a positive or negative change consumer income. As consumer income rises, if a good decreases in demand, it is an â€Å"inferior good†; if demand for a good rises proportionally to increases in consumer income, it is a â€Å"normal good.† 1. The elasticity of demand coefficient expresses how sensitive consumers are to changes in price. To avoid ambiguity, the coefficient of the elasticity of demand is expressed in an absolute value. While a zero quantity expresses perfect inelasticity (that is, quantity demanded is unaffected by changes in price), any value in between zero and one will represent relative inelasticity. A value that is greater than one will represent a relatively elastic demand, up until a value of infinity, which represents a perfectly elastic demand (that is, quantity demanded is infinitely changed by changes in price. An elasticity coefficient equal to negative one indicates unit-elastic demand, which is a situation that occurs when the percentage change in quantity demanded is equal to the percentage change in price. 2. The cross-price elasticity coefficient expresses how sensitive demand is to a price change of other related goods. Elasticity coefficients above zero indicate that there is a high inverse correlation between the prices of Good A and Good B, which means that the goods are substitutes. In contrast, coefficients below zero indicate direct correlations between the prices, which means those goods are complements. Small absolute values of the cross-price elasticity coefficient indicate that there is little or no relation between the prices. 3. The income elasticity coefficient expresses how sensitive demand for a good is to income change. Income elasticity coefficients below zero indicate that there is a strong direct correlation between income increasing (or decreasing) and demand for a good